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human fertilization
Human fertilization is the union of a human egg and sperm, usually occurring in the ampulla of the uterine tube. The result of this union is the production of a zygote cell, or fertilized egg, initiating prenatal development. Scientists discovered the dynamics of human fertilization in the nineteenth century.〔Garrison, Fielding. (An Introduction to the History of Medicine ), pages 566-567 (Saunders 1921).〕
The process of fertilization involves a sperm fusing with an ovum. The most common sequence begins with ejaculation during copulation, follows with ovulation, and finishes with fertilization. Various exceptions to this sequence are possible, including artificial insemination, ''In vitro'' fertilization, external ejaculation without copulation, or copulation shortly after ovulation.〔http://www.goaskalice.columbia.edu/0116.html〕〔http://www.americanpregnancy.org/preventingpregnancy/pregnancyfaqmyths.html〕〔Lawyers Guide to Forensic Medicine ISBN 978-1-85941-159-9 By Bernard Knight - Page 188 "Pregnancy is well known to occur from such external ejaculation ..."〕 Upon encountering the secondary oocyte, the acrosome of the sperm produces enzymes which allow it to burrow through the outer jelly coat of the egg. The sperm plasma then fuses with the egg's plasma membrane, the sperm head disconnects from its flagellum and the egg travels down the Fallopian tube to reach the uterus.
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a process by which egg cells are fertilized by sperm outside the womb, ''in vitro''.
== Anatomy ==
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